What Is CCTV and How Does It Work?

CCTV is a type of security camera surveillance system that uses video cameras to transmit a signal to a specific set of monitors. Unlike broadcast television, which sends signals openly, CCTV is a closed-loop system, meaning the video is accessible only to designated users. This controlled access makes CCTV an ideal solution for surveillance and security purposes.

You might be wondering, “Is CCTV still a thing?” After all, with smartphones and smart home security, “closed circuit television” probably sounds like a thing of the past. However, modern CCTVs are equipped to pair with smart home systems and provide enhanced security that a typical doorbell camera might fall short of offering.

CCTV systems are versatile and used in various settings, including:

• Home security. Many homeowners rely on security cameras to monitor their properties and protect their families.
• Commercial spaces. Businesses use CCTV to prevent theft, monitor employee activity and ensure customer safety.
• Public areas. Governments and municipalities use CCTV in streets, parks and other public spaces to maintain public order and assist in crime prevention.
• Industrial facilities. CCTV helps oversee operations in factories, warehouses and construction sites, ensuring safety and efficiency.
• Traffic management. Surveillance cameras monitor traffic flow and assist in identifying violations or accidents.

Implementing a CCTV system offers numerous advantages, including:

• Enhanced security. A CCTV system provides constant surveillance, deterring potential criminals, especially when paired with a more complete home security system. Knowing they are being watched reduces the likelihood of theft, vandalism or other illicit activities.
• Real-time monitoring. Modern CCTV systems allow real-time monitoring via connected devices like smartphones, tablets or computers. This feature is particularly beneficial for homeowners and business owners who want to keep an eye on their properties remotely.
• Evidence collection. Security cameras provide valuable evidence in case of an incident. High-definition recordings can be used to identify perpetrators, resolve disputes or serve as proof in legal proceedings.
• Cost-effectiveness. Although the initial installation of a CCTV system may require an investment, it often reduces the need for physical security personnel, making it a cost-effective solution in the long term.
• Peace of mind. Knowing your property is monitored provides a sense of security and peace of mind, whether you are at home or away—and that’s priceless.

You’ll find a wide range of types of CCTV cameras. Dome cameras are one of the more common ones you’ll see when you’re out and about. Ideal for indoor use, these cameras offer a wide field of view and are often used in retail stores. Bullet cameras are another common fixture for securing a property. Primarily intended for outdoor use, they provide long-range viewing that can be especially helpful for monitoring larger outdoor spaces. And Pan-Tilt-Zoom (PTZ) cameras can be remotely controlled to focus on specific areas, making them ideal for larger properties needing a focal point monitored.

Higher CCTV resolution captures clearer images, which is crucial for identifying details like faces or license plates. Look for cameras with at least 1080p resolution for quality footage. And for 24/7 monitoring, choose cameras equipped with infrared technology or low-light capabilities to capture clear images in the dark.

For storing footage, you’ll need to decide between cloud storage, which is convenient but often comes with subscription fees and the need for a network connection, and local storage, which can be more secure but limited by the capacity of the storage device. It’s important to choose storage for your recordings in a customer-oriented setting, but it can be useful for at-home recordings as well.

Having a reliable way to store and access your footage is useful in the event that you’ll need to provide video proof or evidence surrounding a reportable incident, whether it’s on your own property or on a neighbor’s. Being able to readily access footage can make or break an investigation into occurrences like a burglary or break-in.

To maximize the effectiveness of a CCTV system for at-home uses, it should be integrated into a comprehensive home security system. When choosing a home security system, make sure to account for a CCTV setup so integration is easier.

You’ll want to use strategic placement and make considerations for where your cameras will be pointed. For instance, entry points are a common place to install CCTV cameras, positioning them near doors, windows and other potential entry points to monitor access. Driveways and garages are also areas which may contain valuable property, and are common targets for theft. And monitoring backyards and side yards helps ensure full coverage of your property to eliminate blind spots. Choosing location depends on the level of security you’re after and how many cameras you want to install.

Many modern CCTV systems are compatible with common smart home platforms. This integration allows you to control cameras and access live feeds using voice commands or mobile apps.

To ensure optimal performance, regularly check and maintain your CCTV system in addition to your other smart home security devices. Clean the camera lenses, update firmware and test the system periodically to avoid potential issues.