A:AnswerYes. That adapter is suitable for fast video transfers. Just remember that the cable and devices you are connected to are likely slower if its an older device or cable and your transfer speeds are only as fast as your slowest component!
A:AnswerIt depends on their port/connector. This adapter will convert a USB Type-C port into a USB 3.0 port. So if your newer phone has a C port for charging ("female" socket) and the car charger has a standard USB connector that goes into a phone ("male" plug)...then yes, it will work by connecting the two together. :)