A:AnswerIt connected to my early 2011 MacBook Pro 13-inch (with an adapter; HDMI ports weren't quite the standard back then), so I think your 2016 MacBook will do just fine.
A:AnswerThe stand itself does not, but they are VESA compatible so a monitor stand would work with these (use it myself for a pinball cabinet-type setup)
A:AnswerBlue light means it has power but it's not on. You have to push the control stick on the back straight in (not up/down or to the sides) to turn it on. The blue light will turn off while the screen is on.
A:AnswerYour question is somewhat vague. I use both Windows 10 and MS Office and have no display issues with either product. Granted, right out of the box you might have to adjust the GPU/graphics card's settings and resolution (along with the monitor settings) to your liking. I did have to make some slight settings changes to the scaling of the GPU output with the monitor since this is a UDH display. But nothing weird, difficult or out of the ordinary. Scaling and resolution are subjective to one's personal liking.
A:AnswerThe monitor comes with an HDMI cable.
Does your Chromebook have HDMI or Displayport (or both) connectors? (Displayport has one side completely squared off and HDMI looks like a flattened pyramid when looked straight on).
A:AnswerIt works with my 2015 MacBook Pro with macOS Mojave (10.14.6). Full resolution of 3840x2160 makes text very small, but still clear. Looks very good down to 1920x1080. Colors look good. I played WoW the other day and it looked great, but did stress my old video card:P
A:AnswerYes, you can remove the stand and use a vesa compatible stand or monitor arm. I believe this is a vesa 100 mount. I have mine on a desk monitor arm and it works great.
A:AnswerIt does have a headphone plug-in on the rear of the monitor - it is difficult to locate when the monitor is standing on a table/desk. may need to use a direct light (flash light) to see it.
A:AnswerNo, its not G-sync but it dose work with my RTX 2080 ti but no G-Sync, it dose a good job it is limited to 60fps there is no screen tearing so it works well for me. I game a lot....